The birth of Boererate: women and healing during the South African war

This article reinterprets historical works on the history of medicine in South Africa and how present-day Afrikaner home-based healing therapies known as Boererate engage with this history. By reinterpreting historical sources, we illustrate how Boer women in concentration camps during the South African War were waging an ideological war. We argue that there is a distinction between the creolised medicines that Boer women took into the concentration camps and the body of knowledge — Boererate — that emerged from the camps after the women were released. The article brings archival research and interviews with interlocutors into conversation to show how a knowledge system like Boererate has persisted through time and become very popular in online forums and Facebook groups during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article is part of a wider project investigating Boererate in historical and diverse contemporary contexts. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Este artigo reinterpreta estudos históricos sobre a história dos medicamentos na África do Sul e como as atuais terapias caseiras africâneres conhecidas como Boererate se relacionam com essa história. Ao reinterpretar as fontes históricas, ilustramos como as mulheres bôeres nos campos de concentração durante a Guerra Sul-Africana travavam uma guerra ideológica. Argumentamos que há uma distinção entre os medicamentos crioulizados que as mulheres bôeres levaram para os campos de concentração e o corpo de conhecimento – Boererate – que emergiu dos campos depois que as mulheres foram libertadas. O artigo coloca em diálogo pesquisas de arquivo e entrevistas com interlocutores para mostrar como um sistema de conhecimento como o Boererate persistiu ao longo do tempo e se tornou muito popular em fóruns online e grupos do Facebook durante a pandemia de Covid-19. O artigo faz parte de um projeto mais amplo que investiga o Boererate em contextos históricos e contemporâneos diversos. (Portuguese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Anthropology Southern Africa (2332-3256) is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Getting Serious About People Over Profit: Addressing Burnout by Establishing Meaning and Connection

Interventions to promote healthy sleep may reduce physician burnout susceptibility.5 An extensive study of physicians reported sleep-related impairment in 40% of attending physicians and 51% of house staff physicians.6 There was large correlation between sleeprelated impairment and interpersonal disengagement, work exhaustion, and overall burnout.6 After adjustment for other variables, high sleep impairment levels increased the odds of self-reporting a clinically significant medical error by 96%.6 Besides medical errors, sleep-related impairment and occupational distress have also been associated with unsolicited patient complaints. Activities that enhance social supports (e.g., peer support programs and Balint groups) and add meaning to work (e.g., professional development time, mentorship, time to develop connections with patients, etc.) are likely to provide some benefit, as they support physicians' capacity to maintain perspective, sense of purpose, and enhance sense of control over their situation.9,10 One study showed such a group normalized struggles, reduced isolation, and provided new strategies for navigating challenging interactions.11 In another study, self-facilitated physician small-group meetings improved burnout, symptoms of depression, and job satisfaction.12 Although rates of burnout among physicians have grown, physicians are resilient when compared to other occupational groups. A recent review found the rate of burnout among nurses working in hospitals ranged widely from 5% to 50%, based on specialty differences and geographical regions.14 More specifically, the review indicated the overall prevalence of emotional exhaustion was 34.1%, of depersonalization 12.6%, and of lack of personal accomplishment 15.2%.15 This same review took COVID-19 into account and noted nurse burnout risk factors as younger age, decreased social support, low family and colleague readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreak, increased perceived threat of COVID-19, longer working time in quarantine areas, working in a high-risk environment, working in hospitals with inadequate and insufficient material and human resources, increased workload, and lower level of specialized training regarding COVID-19.15 Burnout has many consequences in nurses. Emotional exhaustion is negatively associated with the quality and safety of care, patient satisfaction, nurses' organizational commitment, and productivity.14 Nurse burnout has been a significant factor in predicting medication-associated errors.16 Protective factors in nurses include belief in readiness to cope with COVID-19 outbreaks, willingness to participate in frontline work, prior training and experience in COVID-19 patients' management, safe practices, and increased social support.15 Empathy and nursing organizational climate have been found to be protective against burnout, suggesting this could be targeted in managerial interventions.17 Nursing surveys of three types of work engagement (i.e., vigor, dedication, and absorption) and resiliency suggested some protection from burnout.18 Mindfulness-based interventions could potentially have a protective effect for burnout in nurses.19 (See Table 2 for an overview of how burnout impacts feelings about careers in nurses and physicians.) COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS ACCELERANT TO THE BURN Healthcare workers were already hurting before 2020 and the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

"Didn't Japanese Internment Camps Happen in Japan, Not in America?" An Inquiry Project Challenging Hidden Stories in American History

Using the frameworks of literary understanding and difficult knowledge, this study examines sixth graders' responses to mixed-genre books about Japanese incarceration camps. Anti-Asian hate crimes can be documented back to the 1800s but have been recently exacerbated and increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Kelly Yang, the Chinese American author of Front Desk, recently tweeted about two public incidents of racism related to the pandemic. On Apr 14, 2020, Yang noted that a couple of teenagers called her "Chinese virus" multiple times during her free online writing class through Instagram Live.